October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month. Breast cancer remains one of the most common cancers affecting women in the US. About one in eight women will develop breast cancer in her lifetime. This number underscores the importance of awareness, education, and proactive health behaviors.
What Is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the breast grow out of control. These cells can form a tumor that can often be felt as a lump or seen on imaging tests. Most breast cancer tumors grow very slowly. By the time you can feel it, the tumor could have been growing for 10 years. However, some tumors are aggressive and grow very quickly.
There are several types of breast cancer, including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive ductal carcinoma, and invasive lobular carcinoma. Each type has unique characteristics that influence treatment options and outcomes.Who Is at Risk?
Most women diagnosed with breast cancer do not have any known risk factors, which makes regular screening essential. But there are several risk factors that can increase your chance of developing breast cancer.
Some risk factors are beyond our control, such as:
- Age – Women over 50 are at higher risk but younger women do get breast cancer.
- Genetics/family history – Women with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer are at higher risk. Inherited genetic mutations, especially in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, can significantly increase risk.
Some risk factors are within our control, such as:
- Physical inactivity
- Obesity or being overweight after menopause
- Drinking alcohol
- Smoking
Recognizing the Symptoms
Early detection is key. Common symptoms include:
- A new lump in the breast or underarm,
- Changes in the size or shape of the breast,
- Nipple discharge (other than breast milk),
- Skin changes such as redness or dimpling.
Some women may experience pain or tenderness, but breast cancer is usually painless in its early stages. If you notice any of these changes, contact your healthcare provider promptly.
Screening and Early Detection
Routine screening is the best defense. Most women should have regular mammograms starting at age 40, although guidelines may vary depending on individual risk factors and family history. Talk to your physician about when to begin screening and how often you should be screened. Clinical breast exams and self-exams are also important tools for monitoring changes in your breasts.
If you have any questions about breast cancer, please log into your account and send us your question. We are here to help.
Dr. Anita Bennett MD – Health Tip Content Editor