Last week, we started our discussion about vitiligo, which is a chronic skin condition that is quite common in the US. Today, we will talk more about this skin condition, focusing on diagnosis and treatment. Let’s get started.
How Is Vitiligo Diagnosed?
If you suspect you have vitiligo, a dermatologist can diagnose the condition through a combination of the following:
- A physical exam to evaluate the white patches on your skin.
- A review of your medical history, particularly regarding autoimmune disorders or family history.
- Using a Wood’s lamp (ultraviolet light) to highlight depigmented areas more clearly. This can help rule out other conditions that may cause depigmentation.
- Occasionally, a skin biopsy or blood tests may be ordered to rule out other conditions or confirm the autoimmune nature of the disorder.
How Is Vitiligo Treated?
There is no cure for vitiligo, but several treatment options are available to help manage the condition and improve the appearance of the skin. Treatment choice is made on an individual basis and will depend on the extent and location of the depigmentation, as well as the patient’s personal preferences. Some of the most common treatment approaches include:
Medical Treatments
- Topical corticosteroids – These creams can help to restore pigmentation, particularly in early stages.
- Calcineurin inhibitors – Medications like tacrolimus are often used for sensitive areas such as the face or neck.
- Phototherapy – Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) light therapy is commonly used to stimulate melanocyte activity.
Surgical Treatments
- Skin grafting – Involves transplanting healthy, pigmented skin from one part of the body to depigmented areas.
- Blister grafting – Creating blisters on pigmented skin and transferring the top layer to depigmented areas.
Cosmetic Options
- Camouflage makeup – Specially designed makeup can help even out skin tone.
- Depigmentation therapy – For people with extensive vitiligo, this involves removing pigment from unaffected areas to achieve a uniform skin color.
Emerging Treatments
Ongoing research is focused on new therapies such as JAK inhibitors, which have shown promise in early studies. Your dermatologist can discuss whether experimental treatments might be appropriate for you.
How Is Vitiligo Managed in Daily Life?
Living with vitiligo can be challenging, but there are steps you can take to protect and care for your skin while boosting your confidence, including:
- Use sunscreen – Depigmented skin is more vulnerable to sunburn. Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher daily.
- Protect your skin – Wear protective clothing (such as a hat, long sleeves, SPF clothing) and avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight.
- Seek emotional support – Joining support groups or talking to a counselor can help you cope with the emotional and social aspects of vitiligo.
Final Thoughts
Vitiligo is a unique and complex condition, but with proper care, treatment, and support, individuals can lead fulfilling lives. If you suspect you have vitiligo or if you have further questions, our doctors are here to help.
For more information, consider visiting any of these trusted sources:
American Academy of Dermatology – Vitiligo: Overview
Mayo Clinic – Vitiligo – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic
Cleveland Clinic – Vitiligo: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Recovery
If you have any questions about vitiligo, please log into your account and send us your question. We are here to help.
Dr. Anita Bennett MD – Health Tip Content Editor