Last week, we started our discussion of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Today, we will continue by discussing how autism is diagnosed and treated, and we will also talk about the complex factors that contribute to this condition.
How is ASD diagnosed?
Diagnosing autism involves a detailed evaluation of an individual’s development, behavior, and communication patterns. Often, parents or caregivers notice early signs, such as delayed speech, limited eye contact, or a lack of interest in social interactions. Pediatricians or family physicians may conduct preliminary screenings during routine check-ups and, if needed, refer the child to specialists, such as developmental pediatricians, psychologists, or neurologists. Formal diagnosis typically involves observing the individual’s behavior in structured settings and gathering detailed reports from caregivers and teachers.
How is ASD treated?
As we talked about last week, ASD is a lifelong condition that cannot be cured. However, if a child is diagnosed early and treatment strategies are started early, individuals can see significant benefits. Treatment strategies for autism are highly individualized and aim to help individuals build skills, manage challenges, and enhance their quality of life.Therapy options include:
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Behavioral interventions – Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a widely recognized method that focuses on reinforcing positive behaviors and minimizing challenging ones.
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Speech and language therapy – Helps individuals improve communication skills, whether through verbal speech or alternative methods like sign language or picture exchange systems.
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Occupational therapy (OT) – Assists with developing practical daily skills, including things such as dressing, eating, managing sensory sensitivities. OT helps work on fine and gross motor skills, as well as cognitive skills and learning strategies. OT sometimes works on play skills, such as learning to take turns and follow game rules, which is a social skill. OT can help individuals learn to use utensils or tools to help them develop more independence in caring for themselves and their household.
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Social skills training – Encourages individuals to build relationships and navigate social situations with confidence.
Is there a medication to treat ASD?
There is no medication specifically for autism itself. However, medications may be prescribed to manage co-occurring conditions like anxiety, ADHD, or sleep disturbances.
What causes autism?
Understanding the causes of autism remains an active area of scientific research. Current studies suggest that autism arises from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic variations appear to play a significant role, with certain genes linked to the development of autism. Environmental influences, such as advanced parental age or complications during pregnancy, may also contribute. And newer research shows a high correlation between autism and women eating a “western diet” during pregnancy. However, none of these factors alone determine whether someone will develop autism.
It is crucial to address a common myth surrounding autism: VACCINES DO NOT CAUSE AUTISM. This misconception stems from a long since-debunked study published in the late 1990s, which falsely suggested a link between vaccines and autism. The study was shoddy and had very poor data. Extensive scientific research since then has thoroughly disproved this claim.
Vaccines are an easy scapegoat because the signs of autism usually show up around the time that many vaccines are given, but they also show up at the same time in just as many kids who don’t get vaccines.
The myth that vaccines cause autism is dangerous because not only does it cause people to skip life-saving vaccines, but it also keeps some of us from moving on to what the real causes might be. Instead of spending time trying to argue or prove that vaccines do cause autism, when very good scientific research has already shown that they don’t, we should be moving on to test other likely culprits, and if/when the research shows no association, we should move on to the next, and the next.
The cause of autism is a complex issue and a lot more research needs to be funded to solve this complex puzzle.
Autism is a lifelong journey, both for individuals and their families. With early diagnosis, personalized therapies, and community support, individuals with autism can thrive, reaching their unique potential and contributing meaningfully to the world. By continuing to learn, advocate, and embrace neurodiversity, we help create a future where everyone, regardless of their challenges, is valued and celebrated.
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Dr. Anita Bennett MD – Health Tip Content Editor